PEMEX is investing in constructing two new coker plants at the Tula refinery and Salina Cruz refinery, scheduled to go online in 2024, to phase out fuel oil production. The Salina Cruz cracking refinery, located in Oaxaca, Mexico, is a non-integrated cracking facility owned by Petroleos Mexicanos. It commenced operations in 1979 and boasts a Nelson Complexity Index (NCI) of 8.1. Works on the Salina Cruz unit began in 2022. The plant is expected to contribute to the elimination of fuel oil and the increased production of ultra-low sulfur gasoline and diesel at the refinery.

The Aegean Refinery Project, officially known as the SOCAR STAR Oil Refinery, is an oil refinery located in Aliaga, Turkey. It is the largest refinery project in Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) with a processing capacity of ten million tonnes (Mt) of crude oil a year, which is equivalent to 214,000 barrels a day. STAR Refinery meets approximately 20% of Turkey’s demand for processed crude oil products and reduces the country’s petroleum products imports.

HOLBORN Europa Raffinerie, located in Hamburg, is a successful oil refinery that supplies Hamburg and northern Germany with fuels and heating oil. It is a refinery with a processing capacity of around 105,000 barrels of crude per day, and an average throughput of 4.5 million tonnes per annum.